Session 2 · Pedagogy

Teaching with a new kind of intelligence.

It is treated as “just another tool.” It is not. It is a powerful, deeply uneven, genuinely strange intelligence — and what you believe it is silently decides how you teach with it.

~14 min read + play Interactive: Five Lenses
Start honest

The parade of horribles is real.

Before any optimism, name the problems plainly — and notice where each one lives. Some are problems with the AI we'd fix with better engineering. Some are problems in how humans relate to it. Some are problems for the society around it. The fixes are different for each column.

AI problems (fix the system) Human problems (fix the relationship) Social problems (fix the institution)
BiasOver-reliance Existential / power concentration
HallucinationCognitive offloading Bad-actor empowerment
Jagged intelligence / stupidityCognitive surrender Systemic de-skilling
SycophancyPsychological attachment Labor losses
Prompt-injection vulnerability Illusion of understandingEnvironmental cost
Sandbagging / gamingPlagiarizing Slop-ification
The move “Plagiarism” is one cell in an eighteen-cell table — and one of the shallower ones. Most of the table is about human susceptibility, not student dishonesty. Session 3 returns to this grid reframed as susceptibility rather than misbehavior.
What is it, really?

Same shoggoth, different story.

What's become clear in every AI debate is that people are not disagreeing about policy — they're disagreeing about what AI is. Tool or entity? Echo or intelligence? Like us or nothing like us? Pick a lens below and watch the same four situations change meaning under it.

The image from the workshop — a smiling face drawn over a writhing mass — is the point: a friendly chat surface over a process whose insides are not like ours. The intentional stance (treat it as a mind that believes and wants) only half-works. So does the tool stance. The honest answer is alien intelligence — and that answer changes the teaching question entirely.

Why the easy answers fail

“AI literacy” is too static.

The common responses — teach AI literacy; use it as a tool but know its limits; show students how it fails — are all reasonable and all too static. They freeze a snapshot of a system that will be different by next term, and they treat working with an alien intelligence like learning Word or Photoshop: a prescribed set of skills. It isn't. It is a how — flexible judgment under uncertainty.

So go back to basics. For the specific thing you are teaching:

Question 1

What are we trying to accomplish here?

Not the assignment — the capacity. What should be true of the student's mind afterward that wasn't before?

Question 2

What sort of struggle achieves that?

Learning lives in productive difficulty. Which difficulty, exactly, is doing the teaching?

Question 3

How does today's AI fit that moment?

Does it dissolve the productive struggle, scaffold it, or leave it untouched? This is empirical and current — not a principle.

Question 4

Could the collaboration go either way?

The same tool helps or harms depending on what the human does. Design decides which.

The goal is not a rule about AI. It is the mindful, humane creation of moments of struggle that teach the skills and ideas we value in people.
The four sharper questions

What decides where AI belongs.

Session 4 turns these four questions into a working tool you can run against a real assignment. Jump to the design tool →

Modality one

Analog zones.

Places deliberately walled off from AI — not from fear, but to protect a specific cognitive moment. The case is institutional, not nostalgic:

“Colleges and universities may be among the last places where it is possible to slow down, step back, and think systematically. These qualities are likely to become more important, not less… Constant distraction is not one of the positive transformations. We recommend affirmatively supporting a classroom environment conducive to full presence, focus, and interaction… changing the default to restore the living classroom as a place of active interchange and focused learning.”
— adapted from a Yale faculty report, in the spirit of the analog-zone argument

An analog zone is a promise about where the struggle is real — backed, where needed, by structure rather than by an honor-code act of willpower.

Modality two

Fully-AI zones.

To graduate students with full command of the tools of their age, some zones should require AI fluency. A real example — a Law & AI seminar built around it:

  • Build an AI-based feature into your own project on GitHub, using a model's API; get unstuck by asking an AI and the instructor.
  • Use a coding agent to supercharge what you've been doing by hand — experience the harness, not just the chatbot.
  • Use AI to map lawyers' ethical duties as they apply to AI — then double-check every source.
  • Reflect on integrating AI into a real research paper: take graded work and genuinely improve it, with companion artifacts.

The promise to students is symmetrical: you will be taught and will cultivate the durable, analytic skills of your field — and you will graduate fluent in the technologies your work will actually demand.

Between the two Most teaching lives in the hybrid zone — AI as a co-worker, with the human's contribution made structural and assessed. Which zone a given assignment belongs in is the whole craft. That is what Session 4's tool is for.
Next: what the evidence says → Skip to the design tool